In This Issue
Compliance: Follow the requirements trail
AS&D News
AS&D Events
FAA Newsletters
Dr. M. Dreikorn speaking dates
Featured Article
Compliance:
Follow the requirements trail 
 
By: Dr. Michael J. Dreikorn
 
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January 2009
 
AS&D Quality, Safety and Regulatory
 Newsletter
 
Your source for professional connection
 
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The objective of this newsletter is to provide perspective to the Aviation, Space, and Defense (AS&D) industry on current and relevant quality, safety, and regulatory matters in our industry.

Compliance:  Follow the requirements trail
 
We are all familiar with the concept of audits.  Whether the audits are internal, external, or upon us (extrinsic), if you work in the AS&D industry you have participated in an audit in some form or fashion.  But where does the audit criteria come from?  If the audit criteria are evaluating compliance, they should be linked to requirements.

So, what are requirements?  Requirements can find their way into our systems from various directions.  The two most common are regulations and contracts.  Within the AS&D industry, the most common regulations originate from the civil aviation authorities that specify design, production, servicing, and operations requirements.  These requirements will typically describe requirements broadly and not specify how compliance is to be achieved.  This allows organizations the freedom to develop compliant systems that best match their product and culture.
 
Contract requirements are typically much more specific in description.  Though, for the most part, contracts still allow organizations the flexibility to develop their systems how they see fit.  Contracts may include specific system requirements, such as traceability, handling, and documentation that will require organizations to integrate contract requirements into their systems.  Contracts will also typically describe specific product requirements, for which system considerations may also need to be made.
 
Recognizing that regulations and contracts are ever changing, organizations must ensure they have the capability to recognize changes to requirements and the capacity to integrate needed revisions into their systems.  Herein resides the rational for my rule number 1 in auditing - follow the requirements trail.  Since systems frequently have an inability to keep up with changing requirements, many noncompliances may be found at the top procedure level.  This will typically suggest that there is a systemic noncompliance throughout the organization.  When starting at the top system level documentation, this is referred to as a top-down assessment.
 
More often than not, many internal auditors will be provided limited audit scope and possibly a single department to evaluate.  In such cases, auditing rule number 1 still applies.  Review the local procedures and ensure they comply with the requirements above them.  Ideally, the process of following the requirements trail upwards would continue until you arrive at the requirements document - regulation or contract.  However, allotted audit time may not always allow for the complete requirements trail review.  In such cases, evaluate up the trail to the level where the local department does not control the procedure.  Then, continue down the trail and evaluate compliance and gather objective evidence.
 
Robust audits do provide the organization with value.  By ensuring the organization sustains compliance to requirements, risks associated with noncompliance and possible product nonconformance is significantly reduced.  Here are a few things to consider regarding your organization's ability to meet the requirements. 
  • Does your organization have a process to monitor changes in requirements that originate from regulations?
  • Does your organization have a process to monitor changes in requirements that originate from industry standards?
  • Does your organization have a process to monitor changes in requirements that originate from contracts and/or purchase orders?
  • Does your organization have a process to evaluate changes in requirements against the entire system of your organization?
  • Does your organization have the skills needed to interpret requirements changes and effectively integrate them into the system?
  • Does your organization have the capacity to effectively manage changes in requirements? 
As many organizations are attempting to advance their systems in efficiency, they must not forget that the fundamental basic expectation is to meet requirements.  Following the requirements trail is a sure way to ensure your organization is doing what is required of them.
 

The IPL Group, LLC
Send questions and/or comments to: Dreikorn@TheIPLGroup.com

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AS&D News
 
AUS AirlinesThe following are news links relevant to quality, safety, and regulatory matters in the Aviation, Space, Defense and Maritime industries.  These are events which have been reported in the months of mid-December 2008 through January 2009.  As a professional, it's your responsibility to remain relevant. 
 
 
Workforce
 
Army recruiters in Georgia say bad times for America are translating into good business for the military. While it may be too early to quantify the consequences of a dismal economy, recruiters say they are talking to more men and women who see the armed forces as a safe haven.
 
 
As other technology employers have been cutting jobs, Boeing Co. has been quietly adding positions in Colorado Springs to work on a new satellite system designed to detect and track objects orbiting the Earth as well as several other programs.
 
 
Cessna Cit XCessna plans to cut employment by about 30 percent -- approximately 4,600 companywide -- as it grapples with a deteriorating economy that has led to numerous order cancellations and deferrals.
 
 
The layoffs bring to 211 people, or 11.5 percent of the Tulsa work force, who have been cut by NORDAM in the last three months. The Tulsa-based company employs 1,630 people in Tulsa and about 2,500 workers worldwide.
 
 
"The strike was triggered by a Boeing strategy to create a separate and lower class of employees in its manufacturing facilities; one with lower pay, fewer benefits and a cut-rate retirement plan," said IAM President Tom Buffenbarger. 
 
 
787 noseBoeing Co., the world's second-largest airplane maker, swung to a surprise fourth-quarter loss, hurt by a labor strike that disrupted deliveries. It also announced job cuts totaling 10,000 and forecast lower-than-expected 2009 earnings.
 
 
Rosyth dockyard was given a jobs boost with news of a campaign to bring over 1000 people in to help work on the multi-billion-pound aircraft carrier contract.
 
  
Regulatory and Safety
 
No move by FAA to downgrade India's airports (India)
 
FAA LogoThere is no move by the US Federal Aviation Administration to downgrade India's airports, even though an action plan was being implemented to meet global aviation safety standards and regulations.  
 
 
Three years ago, NTSB officials began to press for more safety technology on such flights. Progress has been made on some recommendations, but little action has been taken on others.
 
 
Commercial airline crews reported more than two dozen emergency landings, aborted takeoffs or other hair-raising incidents due to collisions with birds in the past two years, according to a confidential database managed by NASA.

Common European air operation rules in reach (EU)
 
EASA LogoEASA published on its website proposed implementing rules for air operations of community operators, including the corresponding acceptable means of compliance (AMC) and guidance material (GM) as well as certification specifications (CS) for flight time limitations. Following the Agency's principles of broad consultation and transparency, interested persons worldwide now have the possibility to comment on this Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA 2009-02) by using the Agency's web-based Comment Response Tool (CRT). The comment period ends on May 30, 2009.
 
 
The Tupolev TU 204-120 CE model received its Type Certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). The approval was handed over by Patrick Goudou, EASA Executive Director, and Dr. Norbert Lohl, EASA Certification Director, at a ceremony in Moscow, Russia.
 
 
EASA ChiefThe European Aviation Safety Agency's new rulemaking director Jules Kneepkens has been in the job since September, when Claude Probst stood down, so he has gained a feel for what is needed.
 
 
Austro EngineDiamond Aircraft Industries has received EASA Type Certification for its Austro E4 turbo-diesel airplane engine.
 
 
FAA LogoThe number of serious runway incursions was essentially flat in 2008, according to figures released by the FAA. 
 
 
CASA Aus LogoA Northern Territory air service provider says it has been forced to suspended regular flights to two remote communities because their airstrips do not comply with Civil Aviation Safety Authority standards.
 
Report calls for new EU-wide flight time rules (EU)
 
A new report published today recommends that flight and duty times for airline cabin crews should be cut.
 
Reports show frequency of bird-airliner scrapes (USA)
 
Voluntary data from crews detail at least 26 since 2007. "Tip of the iceberg," an expert said.
 
 
News HelicopterThe National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), having completed its investigation of last year's four-fatality mid-air crash over Phoenix, has proposed new rules for news helicopters.

Civil Aviation
 
 
Hunan AcftIt was informed from Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province that the provincial grand science and technology special project which is entitled as "the development and industrialization of light aircraft" headed by Hunan Sunward had made breakthroughs that the 2-seats light aircraft achieved successful first flight
 
 
DJ AM Plane CrashThis time around it's the owner and operator of the charter who, in a new $12 million lawsuit, is pointing fingers at South Carolina's Columbia Metropolitan Airport, the plane's namesake manufacturer and Goodyear Tires.
 
 
Delta has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) and FAA to reinstate its Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) covering pre-merger Delta pilots.

Life raft concerns force American Airlines to downsize flights (USA)
 
AA CounterIn memo's sent to employees, American Airlines said it will immediately cut the number of passengers on some flights, because of questions about the size of the life rafts on board those planes. 
 
 
US Airways Flight 1549 EnginePopulations of large bird species like the one that struck US Airways Flight 1549 last month have grown dramatically in recent decades, prompting aviation experts to warn that the risk of catastrophic collisions with planes is rising.
 
Maritime 

Boaters urged to buy new beacons (USA)
 
The U.S. Coast Guard ceases monitoring analog emergency frequency signals as rescuers move to digital beacons. 
 
 
Japan NavyJapan announced plans to deploy members from the maritime division of its Self-Defense Force (SDF) to help fight piracy off of the coast of Somalia.
 

Defense 
 
How safe is the U.S. Army's body armor? (USA)
 
Army ArmourThe U.S. Army has ordered a recall of more than 16,000 sets of body armor after an audit by the inspector general of the Defense Department concluded that they failed tests to meet Army specifications. 
 
 
Improper wiring by military contractor KBR at U.S. bases in Iraq led to electrical shocks about once every three days for nearly two years, according to Defense Department documents obtained by CNN.
 
 
Pakistan Navy will soon acquire Airborne Early Warning (AEW) aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to strengthen its air fleet, according to Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Noman Bashir.
 
Beretta U.S.A. Corp. recently announced its receipt of a U.S. Army contract to provide up to 450,000 Beretta Model 92FS pistols to U.S. military customers throughout the world. The total value of the contract, if all pistol quantities and associated spare parts are ordered, is $220 million.
 
Type 45 Daring class destroyer (UK)

It has been hailed by its creators as the most powerful and advanced vessel of its kind. 
 
 
Boeing's plant in Philadelphia rolled out the first CH-47 Chinook in 1961, overcame a business crisis four decades later and today stands among the most mature production lines in the aerospace industry.

 
Space 
 
OIG Logo"NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements," March 26, 2007, they did not satisfy the intent of our recommendation. However, we subsequently worked with the Chief Engineer, who proposed a corrective action that adequately addresses our intent and resolves the recommendation.
 
 
Lunar LanderNASA has given prospective bidders until Feb. 27 to deliver proposals for conceptual design work on the Altair lunar lander the agency will use to return astronauts to the moon by 2020.
 
 
China RocketWith all the three wings of the Chinese defence set up going through a process of massive modernization and augmentation, India has every reason to get worried over the possibility of a "Chinese threat" to the territorial integrity of the country. 

 
 
Materials/Methods
 
Alternative jet fuels put to the test (USA)
 
NASA DC8The tests, being run through Feb. 3 at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in California, are measuring the performance and emissions of two synthetic fuels derived from coal and natural gas using the Fischer-Tropsch process.
FAA Newsletters
 
FAA LogoClick the links to read:
 
 
 
Dr. Michael Dreikorn to speak at:
 
International Conference on ISO9000
"The Synergy of One" as it Applies to the Aerospace Industry
(03/09/2009 - Orlando, FL)
 
Conference on Quality for the Space and Defense Industries
"Process-based Knowledge Management" 
 (03/17/2009 - Cape Canveral, FL)
 
This newsletter is brought to you by The IPL Group, LLC.  We hope you find the content informative and useful.  If there are other features of this newsletter that you would like to see, let us know.  The power of our industry is not solely driven by mechanical means, it is our intellectual base which brings innovation and strength.
 
 
Sincerely,
 
Dreikorn
 

Michael Dreikorn, Ed.D. 
President
The IPL Group, LLC